List of heads of state of Syria

Syria

This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
Syria

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This is a list of heads of state of Syria from the end of the Ottoman rule in 1918 to the present day.

Colour key
(for political parties)

  Independent
  Unionism
  Nationalist
  Socialism
  Military
  Ba'ath Party
Parties

Contents

List

Arab Kingdom of Syria (1918-1920)

# Name Picture Born-Died Reign start Reign end
King (Hashemite)
1 Faisal I 1883–1933 5 October 1918 28 July 1920

French Mandate of Syria (1920-1946)

# Name Picture Born-Died Took Office Left Office Political Party
President
2 Subhi Bay Barakat al-Khalidi 1883–1939 28 June 1922 31 December 1924 Independent
Heads of State
2 Subhi Bay Barakat al-Khalidi 1883–1939 1 January 1925 21 December 1925 French appointee
– François Pierre-Alype
(acting)		 1853–1932 9 February 1926 28 April 1926 French appointee
3 Damad-i Shariyari Ahmad Nami Bay 1840–1928 28 April 1926 15 February 1928 Independent
4 Taj al-Din al-Hasani
(acting)		 1885–1943 15 February 1928 19 November 1931 Independent
– Léon Solomiac
(acting)		 1873–1960 19 November 1931 11 June 1932 French appointee
Presidents
5 Muhammad Ali al-Abid 1867–1939 11 June 1932 21 December 1936 French appointee
6 Hashim al-Atassi
(1st time)		 1875–1960 21 December 1936 7 July 1939 National Bloc
Chairman of the Council of Commissioners
7 Bahij al-Khatib 1895–1981 10 July 1939 4 April 1941 French appointee
Presidents
– Khalid al-Azm
(acting)		 1903–1965 4 April 1941 16 September 1941 Independent
8 Taj al-Din al-Hasani 1885–1943 16 September 1941 17 January 1943 Independent
– Jamil al-Ulshi
(acting)		 1883–1951 17 January 1943 25 March 1943 Independent
Head of State
9 Ata al-Ayyubi 1877–1951 25 March 1943 17 August 1943 Independent
President
10 Shukri al-Quwatli
(1st time)		 1891–1967 17 August 1943 17 April 1946 Syrian National Party

Syrian Republic (1946-1958)

# Name Picture Born-Died Took Office Left Office Political Party
Presidents
10 Shukri al-Quwatli
(1st time)		 1891–1967 17 April 1946 30 March 1949 Syrian National Party
11 Husni al-Za'im 1897–1949 30 March 1949 14 August 1949 Military/Syrian Social Nationalist Party
Chairman of the Supreme Military Council
12 Sami al-Hinnawi 1898–1950 14 August 1949 15 August 1949 Military
Head of State
13 Hashim al-Atassi
(2nd time)		 1875–1960 15 August 1949 2 December 1951 National Bloc
Chairman of the Supreme Military Council
14 Adib Shishakli
(1st time)		 1909–1964 2 December 1951 3 December 1951 Military/Syrian Social Nationalist Party
Head of State
15 Fawzi Selu 1905–1972 3 December 1951 11 July 1953 Military
Presidents
16 Adib Shishakli
(2nd time)		 1909–1964 11 July 1953 25 February 1954 Military/Syrian Social Nationalist Party
17 Maamun al-Kuzbari
(1st time)		 1914–1998 26 February 1954 28 February 1954 Independent
18 Hashim al-Atassi
(3rd time)		 1875–1960 28 February 1954 6 September 1955 National Bloc
19 Shukri al-Quwatli
(2nd time)		 1891–1967 6 September 1955 22 February 1958 Syrian National Party

United Arab Republic (1958-1961)

# Name Picture Born-Died Took Office Left Office Political Party
President
20 Gamal Abdel Nasser 1918–1970 22 February 1958 29 September 1961 National Union

Syrian Arab Republic (1961-Present)

# Name Picture Born-Died Took Office Left Office Political Party
Presidents
21 Maamun al-Kuzbari
(2nd time)		 1914–1998 29 September 1961 20 November 1961 Independent
– Izzat an-Nuss
(acting)		 1900–1972 20 November 1961 14 December 1961 Military
22 Nazim al-Kudsi 1906–1998 14 December 1961 8 March 1963 People's Party
Chairman of the National Revolutionary Command Council
23 Luai al-Atassi 1926–2003 9 March 1963 27 July 1963 Military/Ba'ath Party
Chairman of the Presidential Council
24 Amin al-Hafiz 1921–2009 27 July 1963 23 February 1966 Military/Ba'ath Party
Heads of State
25 Nureddin al-Atassi 1930–1992 25 February 1966 18 November 1970 Military/Ba'ath Party
26 Ahmad al-Khatib 1933–1982 18 November 1970 22 February 1971 Ba'ath Party
Presidents
27 Hafez al-Assad 1930–2000 22 February 1971 10 June 2000 Ba'ath Party/National Progressive Front
– Abdul Halim Khaddam
(acting)		 1932– 10 June 2000 17 July 2000 Ba'ath Party/National Progressive Front
28 Bashar al-Assad 1965– 17 July 2000 Incumbent Ba'ath Party/National Progressive Front

See also

Heads of state of Syria since 1922
al-Khalidi • Pierre-Alype* • Shariyari • al-Hasani • al-Abid • H. al-Atassi • al-Khatib • al-Azm* • al-Hasani • al-Ulshi* • al-Ayyubi • al-Quwatli • al-Za'im • H. al-Atassi • Selu† • Shishakli† • H. al-Atassi • al-Quwatli • Abdel Nasser • al-Kuzbari* • an-Nuss* • al-Kudsi • L. al-Atassi† • al-Hafiz† • N. al-Atassi • al-Khatib • H. al-Assad • Khaddam* • B. al-Assad
*denotes acting     †military ruler